Plants in the Hortus
Many of the plants described here were listed in the catalogues of plants published by Sir William Macarthur in 1843, 1845, 1850 and 1857 and in an unpublished catalogue dated 1861. A large number of additional plants were identified from correspondence, gardening notebooks and other documents surviving in the archives. The Hortus attempts to describe all the plants grown in the gardens at Camden Park and those grown in horticultural enterprises such as orchards and vineyards and includes plants grown outside the gardens in the park-like environs of the Camden Park estate. The Hortus plants served a wide range of purposes in the 19th century household; as ornament, living fences, fibre, dyestuffs, medicines, food and drink from the garden, orchard and vineyard and many others.
Rosa ‘Comte de Montalavet’
Hybrid Perpetual. Seen growing at Paul’s Nursery at Cheshunt and reported in The Gardeners’ Chronicle, it had very large and showy violet flowers, not very double. [Gard Chron. 1849]. In the Floricultural Cabinet it was described as a rich crimson with a lilac tinge. [FC p.233/1848].
Rosa ‘Comte de Nanteuil’
Hybrid Perpetual. ‘Comte de Nanteuil’ has rose coloured flowers with darker edges to the petals. The flowers are large and full, cupped and perfect in shape. It is a vigorous grower. [Paul (1863, 1888), FC p.228/1857].
Rosa ‘Coupe d'Hébé’
Bourbon rose. Classified by Rivers as a Hybrid Bourbon rose. These were distinguished from the Bourbon rose by Victorian writers not only because of the parentage, typically Bourbon roses crossed with summer flowering roses, but because they follow the flowering character of the summer-flowering parent, i.e. they are summer-flowering only. In the opinion of Rivers ‘Coupe d'Hébé’ ‘is the gem of this family [Hybrid Bourbons]; in colour it is of a beautiful wax-like pink, and in the disposition and regularity of its petals it is quite unique: this, like most of the group, soon forms a large bush or tree, and is also well adapted for a pillar rose.’ [Rivers (1854, 1857, 1863)]. In my garden it produces an excellent spring flush but is thereafter barren of flowers.
Rosa ‘Coutard’
A Hybrid China rose. ‘Coutard’ is an abundant bloomer with bright rose-coloured, globular, large and double flowers, its growth somewhat pendulous. [Gore]. Paul considered it a good rose, its colour lilac rose. [Paul (1848, 1863)]. It was listed by Thomas Rivers in the Floricultural Cabinet of 1835 as among the earliest roses. [FC p.241/1835]. Charles Wood Jnr., Woodlands Nursery, Maresfield, also writing in the Floricultural Cabinet in 1841, considered ‘Coutard’ to be one of the most desirable of roses. [FC p.29/1841].
Rosa ‘Cramoisie Superieure’
China rose, usually classified as a Rosa semperflorens Willd. variety in the contemporary literature. ‘Cramoisie Superieure’ is very much like an improved ‘Slater’s Crimson China’, growing a little taller, and with a straggling habit, its crimson flowers have a very pleasant, light apple-blossom scent. To 90cm. [Paul (1848, 1863, 1888, 1903), Amat].
Rosa ‘Cristata’
Moss rose. The flowers are rose pink, paler at the edges, often assuming a lilac tint, large and full, globular in shape and beautifully crested. The leaves are also sometimes crested.
Rosa ‘De la Reine’
Hybrid Perpetual. ‘La Reine’ has very large and globular, fragrant, glossy rose-pink flowers, tinged with lilac, and is a strong grower. [Paul (1848, 1863, 1888), Rivers (1854, 1863), Henry Curtis p.1 vol.1/1850, Gard Chron. 1847, Amat].
Rosa ‘Devigne’
Classified as a Hybrid Provence in the early literature. Rivers described ‘Devigne’ as a delicate blush rose, one of the finest roses of this colour known, luxuriant in habit; an excellent pillar rose. In The Gardeners’ Chronicle of 1847 the flowers were described as salmon white. [Paul (1848, 1863), Rivers (1854, 1857, 1863)].
Rosa ‘Devoniensis’
Tea rose. ‘We have lately received from Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. of Exeter, specimens of a new rose, by them called ‘Rosa Devoniensis’. The Flowers which we received were finely formed, very double, much above the average size; and it is evident that the plant has a vigorous and excellent habit. We also found it deliciously fragrant; the colour is a clear, delicate, primrose yellow, with a somewhat deeper centre. The flowers, though large and double, had expanded freely, without any imperfection or hard green eye.’ [Gard. Chron. 1841].
Rosa ‘Domitelle Becor’
Centifolia rose. It was described as a Provins rose in a report of a visit to William Paul’s Nursery at Cheshunt, and in Les Plus Belles Roses au début du XXe Siécle. The flowers are large, full, cupped, light pink striped with white, on a vigorous bush. Paul describes its flowers as bright pink. [Paul (1863), Amat, Gard. Chron 1853].
Rosa ‘Double Persian’
It has bright yellow, double, cupped, medium-sized flowers and is usually an abundant and early bloomer and forms a compact, very thorny bush. It was figured in the Flore des Serres. [Paul (1848, 1863, 1888, 1903), Rivers (1854, 1857, 1863), FS f.374/1848].
Rosa ‘Dr. Henon’
Hybrid perpetual. Rivers described the flowers of ‘Dr. Henon’ as rather small, white, slightly tinted with straw-colour, on a bush of delicate growth. Paul, on the other hand, described the flowers as white, large, full, globular and fine. A first rate flower but habit delicate. It was among the handful of roses, among 70 or 80 new varieties imported, that bloomed well at Paul’s Nursery in 1856. [Rivers (1857, 1863), Paul 1863, GC p.788/1856].
Rosa ‘Ducher’
China rose. ‘Ducher’ has pure white, medium sized flowers of fine full form. It was recommended as a free and continuous-flowering white bedding rose by Paul. [Paul (1888, 1903), Amat].
Rosa ‘Duchess of Norfolk’
Hybrid Perpetual. ‘Duchess of Norfolk’ was described by William Paul as a rich purplish-crimson in colour, moderate size and full in shaped, and nearly thornless, and a moderate grower. This latter is at odds with the view expressed in an American Paper: ‘An English horticultural periodical is quoted as describing the new Rose ‘Duchess of Norfolk’ as a “brilliant coloured climbing Hybrid Perpetual Rose” – the term climbing being merely an exaggeration of its vigorous growth. This kind of exaggeration is, we believe, not entirely new to English gardeners.’ An ‘American Paper’, quoted in the Gardeners' Chronicle' of 1854. Thomas Rivers was of the view that it would probably form a nice pillar. [Paul (1863, 1888)].
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