Plants in the Hortus
Many of the plants described here were listed in the catalogues of plants published by Sir William Macarthur in 1843, 1845, 1850 and 1857 and in an unpublished catalogue dated 1861. A large number of additional plants were identified from correspondence, gardening notebooks and other documents surviving in the archives. The Hortus attempts to describe all the plants grown in the gardens at Camden Park and those grown in horticultural enterprises such as orchards and vineyards and includes plants grown outside the gardens in the park-like environs of the Camden Park estate. The Hortus plants served a wide range of purposes in the 19th century household; as ornament, living fences, fibre, dyestuffs, medicines, food and drink from the garden, orchard and vineyard and many others.
Pyrus communis ‘Cape Pear’
I have found no reference to ‘Cape Pear’ in the literature. It was probably grown at the Cape of Good Hope and brought to New South Wales by ships calling in at the Cape for supplies. William Macarthur’s comments on its popularity in New South Wales suggests that it was an early introduction to the Colony.
Quercus agrifolia N
Fully-hard, spreading evergreen tree with ridged, grey or reddish-brown bark, glossy, elliptic leaves, to 7cm long, and solitary, slender, pointed acorns, to 3.5cm long. To 10m. [RHSE].
Quercus bicolor Willd.
Fully-hardy, spreading deciduous tree with peeling, fissured bark, obovate, shallowly-lobed, glossy leaves, to 16cm long, and long-stalked acorns. To 20m. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus cerris L.
Fully-hardy, fast-growing, spreading, deciduous tree with grey white bark which splits into large plates, lance-shaped, deeply lobed or toothed leaves, to 12cm long, and solitary or small groups of acorns, to 4cm long. To 30m. It occurs naturally in many forms. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus coccinea M?nchh.
Fully-hardy, rounded deciduous tree with pale bark in scaly plates, elliptic, deeply-lobed leaves, to 15cm long, turning red in autumn, and nearly spherical acorns. To 20m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus falcata Michx.
Fully-hardy, spreading, deciduous tree with fissured, grey-brown bark, elliptic leaves, to 22cm long, deeply cut into curved lobes, and nearly spherical acorns. To 25m. [RHSE, Hortus].
Quercus glauca Thunb.
Evergreen tree, sometimes shrubby, with narrow leaves, toothed towards the tips, to 12cm long, and ovoid acorns with a shallow cup, to 1.5cm. To 15m. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus ilex L.
Frost-hardy, rounded evergreen tree with smooth, dark bark, lance-shaped, entire or toothed leaves, to 8cm long, and nearly round acorns. To 25m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus incana Roxb. non Bartr.
Frost-hardy, small evergreen tree or large shrub with narrow, pointed, toothed oval leaves, white-felted below. [RHSD, Hilliers’].
Quercus macrolepis Kotschy
Frost-hardy, spreading, deciduous or semi-evergreen tree with fissured bark, oblong, angularly-lobed leaves, to 10cm long, and single or small clusters of acorns, to 4.5cm long, with large cups. To 15m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus marilandica Münchh.
Fully-hardy, spreading deciduous tree with very rough, dark bark, glossy, obovate, lobed leaves, to 17cm long, and sometimes as much across, colouring in the autumn, and ovoid acorns. To 12m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers'].
Quercus palustris Münchh.
Fully-hardy, fast-growing, broadly conical, deciduous tree, with pendant lower branches, smooth grey bark, elliptic, deeply-lobed, glossy leaves, to 15cm long, turning scarlet-brown in autumn, and nearly spherical acorns. To 20m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers'].
Quercus polymorpha Schltdl. and Cham.
Semi-evergreen tree with grey to brown bark, rounded leaves, serrate towards the tips, acorns usually 1 or 2, pedunculated. To 20m.
Quercus robur L.
Fully-hardy, spreading deciduous tree with fissured bark, oblong leaves with rounded lobes, to 14cm long, and single or small clusters of acorns. To 35m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Quercus robur L. subsp. microcarpa
See Quercus robur L. for a description of the species. Microcarpa is presumably a form of Quercus robur with small fruits, although I have found no specific description.
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