Plants in the Hortus
Many of the plants described here were listed in the catalogues of plants published by Sir William Macarthur in 1843, 1845, 1850 and 1857 and in an unpublished catalogue dated 1861. A large number of additional plants were identified from correspondence, gardening notebooks and other documents surviving in the archives. The Hortus attempts to describe all the plants grown in the gardens at Camden Park and those grown in horticultural enterprises such as orchards and vineyards and includes plants grown outside the gardens in the park-like environs of the Camden Park estate. The Hortus plants served a wide range of purposes in the 19th century household; as ornament, living fences, fibre, dyestuffs, medicines, food and drink from the garden, orchard and vineyard and many others.
Magnolia virginiana L. var. glauca
Deciduous shrub to small tree with elliptic leaves, to 12cm long, and scented creamy white flowers, deepening with age. To 15m. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Magnolia x soulangeana Soulange-Bodin
Magnolia denudata Desr. x Magnolia liliiflora Desr. Fully hardy, variable, deciduous shrub or tree with obovate leaves, to 20cm long, and large, goblet-shaped, violet-purple to pure white flowers, to 30cm across, before and with the leaves in spring. To 7m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Magnolia x thompsoniana (Loud.) C. de Vos
Magnolia tripetala L. x Magnolia virginiana L. hybrid. A fully hardy, large, wide-spreading shrub with leaves to 25cm long, persisting into early winter, and large, fragrant, creamy-white flowers intermittently throughout summer. [RHSD, Hilliers’, Hortus].
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
Fully hardy suckering shrub with bright green, holly-like pinnate leaves, each with up to 9 ovate, spiny leaflets, sometimes turning red in autumn, and dense, terminal racemes of yellow flowers in spring followed by blue-black berries. To 1m. [RHSE, Hilliers’, Hortus].
Mahonia bealei Carr.
A large shrub with 5-9 pairs of leaflets and racemes, to 15cm long, of pale yellow flowers in winter. Has been sold as Mahonia japonica, which it somewhat resembles. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers’].
Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde
Frost hardy, upright evergreen shrub with up to 13, slender, sharply-toothed leaflet per leaf, and dense, upright racemes of bright yellow flowers in autumn, followed by white-frosted, dark blue berries. To 1.2m. [RHSE, Hilliers’, Hortus].
Mahonia pinnata Fedde
Closely related to Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., which see, although I have treated them separately here. Fully hardy evergreen shrub with prickly leaves and racemes of yellow flowers in late winter or spring. To 3m. [RHSD, Hilliers’, Hortus].
Malacocarpus ottonis (Lehm.) Britton & Rose
Frost tender, very variable, small, globose cactus, usually single at first then clustered, with up to 15 ribs bearing hair-like spines, and multi-petalled, diaphanous yellow to orange-red flowers above the groups of spines. To 15cm. [RHSD, Don].
Malope trifida Cav.
Fully hardy, erect, somewhat branching annual with broadly trumpet-shaped, heavily veined pale to dark purple-red flowers from summer to autumn. To 90cm. [RHSE, Hortus].
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh var. sibirica C.K.Schneid
A small to medium sized tree of rounded habit, the leaves oval to lance-shaped, the flowers white, fragrant, borne in clusters. The fruit of the Siberian Crab is round, clustered, with yellow skin heavily streaked with red. To 15m or more. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers’]. See also See also Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. This is almost certainly the same plant.
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
Fully-hardy, vigorous, rounded tree with oval leaves, to 9cm long, and numerous white flowers in spring, followed by long-stalked, red or yellow fruit, to 1cm across. To 15m. [RHSE, Hortus, Hilliers’]. See also Malus baccata (L.) Borkh var. sibirica C. K. Schneid. This is almost certainly the same plant.
Malus coronaria Mill.
A small to medium sized tree of rounded habit, the leaves ovate, toothed, the flowers pink, fragrant, borne in clusters. The fruit flattish globose, yellowish-green, acid to the taste. to 10m. [RHSD, Hortus, Hilliers'].
Malus domestica ‘Alexander’
‘Fruit very large, somewhat cordate, smallest at the crown; of a greenish yellow colour, striped or marbled with red; pulp tender, sweet, rich, and aromatic: ripens in October and lasts till Christmas.’ [FCM p.40/1845].
Malus domestica ‘Alfriston’
Fruit; large, roundish and angular on the sides. Skin; greenish ripening yellow, tinged orange next the sun, covered all over with a russet reticulation. Flesh; yellowish white, crisp, juicy, sugary, briskly flavoured. [HP pl.LIX/1878].
Malus domestica ‘Apple - no name [1]’
Probably a variety raised at Camden Park. No description is given in William Macarthur’s notebooks or garden diaries.
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