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Australian native plants in the Hortus

Australian native plants were important to the gardening enterprises of Camden Park.  Even today Australian trees such as Araucaria species, Agathis robusta, Brachychiton populneum, Lagunaria pattersonia, Grevillea robusta and several species of palm very much define the landscape of the gardens.  Australian plants, particularly native orchids and ferns, were sent to England in large numbers in exchange for the exotic plants that were so much desired by Macarthur and his fellow colonists.

The Australian natives described in the Hortus are listed here.  Refer to the appropriate plant profile for details.

Bulbous and tuberous rooted plants - 22

Blandfordia grandiflora R.Br. - Christmas bells

Blandfordia nobilis Sm. - Christmas bells

Calostemma purpureum R.Br. – Garland lily

Calostemma purpureum R.Br. var. luteum­ – Yellow Garland lily

Calostemma purpureum. var. carneum (Lindl.) Benth. - Garland lily

Calostemma sp. bronze

Calostemma sp. pink.  Probably Calostemma cunninghamii Loud.

Crinum brachyandrum.  Crinum pendunculatum R.Br.  syn. Crinum brachyandrum Herb.

Crinum flaccidum Herb. – Murray lily

Crinum Macleayi. Probably of Australian origin and a form of either Crinum flaccidum or C. pedunculatum.

Crinum pedunculatum R.Br. – Swamp lily

Crinum sp. from S.W. Interior

Crinum sp. Liverpool P. (Macquariense?)

Crinum sp. N.W. coast

Crinum sp. North coast

Crinum sp. S.W. Interior

Doryanthes excelsa Correa - Gymea lily

Orthrosanthus multiflorus Sweet - Morning Iris

Proiphys amboinensis (L.) Herb.

Proiphys cunninghamii (Lindl.) Mabb. – Brisbane lily

Thysanotus isantherus R.Br. - Fringed Violet

Thysanotus juncifolius (Salisb.) J.H.Willis & Court - Fringed Violet

Conifers - 21

Agathis robusta (C.Moore ex F.Muell.) Bail. - Queensland Kauri

Araucaria bidwillii Hook. - Bunya pine

Araucaria cunninghamii D.Don - Hoop pine

Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco - Norfolk Island pine

Athrotaxis cupressoides D.Don - Pencil pine

Athrotaxis selaginoides D.Don - King Billy pine

Athrotaxis x laxifolia Hook.

Callitris macleayana (Muell.) Muell. - Port Macquarie cypress pine

Callitris oblonga Rich. subsp. oblonga - Tasmanian cypress pine

Callitris rhomboidea R.Br. ex Rich. - Oyster Bay cypress pine

Callitris sp. (Murrumbidgee). Possibly Callitris endlicheri (Parl.) Bail. - Red cypress pine

Callitris sp. (Swan River). Possibly Callitris preissii Miq. - Rotnest Island cypress pine, or Callitris roei (Endl.) F.Muell.

Callitris sp. (Van Diemen’s Land). Probably a form of Callitris rhomboidea or C. oblonga

+ 3 other Callitris spp.

Lagarostrobus franklinii (Hook.f.) Quinn - Huon pine

Phyllocladus asplenifolius (Labill.) Hook.f. - Celery-topped pine

Podocarpus elatus R.Br. ex Mirb. - Plum pine

Podocarpus lawrencei Hook.f. - Mountain plum pine- Plum pine

Podocarpus spinulosus (Sm.) R.Br. ex Mirb.

Annuals and herbaceous plants - 12

Brunonia australis R.Br. - Blue pincushion

Crassula sp.

Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Haw. var. album L.H.Bailey - Strawflower

Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Haw. var. macranthum

Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Haw. var. monstrosum

Helichrysum robustum Paxt. roseum

Ipomoea brasiliensis (L.) G.Mey.

Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sw.

Lobelia tenuior R.Br.

Lobelia trigonocaulis F.Muell.

Nymphaea gigantea Hook. - Australian water lily

Rhodanthe manglesii Lindl. - Swan River everlasting flower

Ferns - 9

Asplenium australasicum (Smith) Hook. - Birds-nest fern

Cyathea australis (R.Br.) Domin. - Rough treefern

Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F.Muell.) Domin. - Straw treefern

Cyathea leichhhardtiana (F.Muell.) Copel - Prickly treefern

Dicksonia antartica Labill. - Soft treefern

Gleichenia microphylla R.Br. - Scrambling Coral Fern

Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C.Chr. - Elkhorn fern

Platycerium superbum de Jonch. & Hennipman - Staghorn fern

Sticherus flabellatus (R.Br.) H.St.John - Umbrella fern

+ many other Illawarra spp. unidentified

Trees and shrubs - 111

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. var. tuberosus

Acacia amoena Wendl. - Boomerang wattle

Acacia brownei (Poir.) Steud. – Heath wattle

Acacia linifolia (Vent.) Willd.

Acacia paradoxa DC. – Kangaroo thorn

Acacia pendula A.Cunn. - Weeping myall

Acacia riceana Hensl.

Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd. – Sweet wattle

Acacia terminalis (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr. - Sunshine wattle

Acacia verticillata (L’Hér.) Willd.

Acmena kingii G.Don = a var. of Lillypilly

Acmena smithii (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry – Lillypilly

Adansonia gregorii F.Muell. – only a possibility, identified as Adansonia digitata L.

Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth. - Crested wattle

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. - Devil tree

Alyxia 2 sp. These are possibly tropical Australian species collected by Dr. Leichhardt.

Angophora hispida (Sm.) Blaxell

Anopterus glandulosus Labill.

Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H.Wendl. & Drude - Bangalow palm

Atherosperma moschatum Labill. - Black sassafras

Bauera rubioides Andr. - Dog rose

Beaufortia sp. nova

Boronia anemonifolia A.Cunn. - Sticky boronia

Boronia ledifolia var. triphylla (Rchb.) Benth. - Sydney boronia

Boronia microphylla Sieb. ex Spreng. - Small-leaved boronia

Boronia pinnata Sm.

Boronia serrulata Sm. - Native rose, Sydney rock rose

Brachychiton acerifolius Macarthur & C.Moore - Illawarra flame tree

Brachychiton australis (Schott. & Endl.) A.Terracc. - Broad-leaved bottle tree

Brachychiton bidwilli Hook.

Brachychiton populneum R.Br. - Kurrajong

Brachychiton rupestris (Mitch. ex Lindl.) K.Schum - Queensland bottle tree

Callistemon salignus var. viridiflorus (Sims) F.Muell. - Green-flowered white bottlebrush

Callistemon speciosus DC. - Albany bottlebrush

Capparis arborea (F.Muell.) Maid. - Brush caper berry

Capparis mitchellii Lindl. - Native orange

Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser - Black-bean tree

Ceratopetalum sp. unidentified, probably Christmas tree or Coachwood

Citrus australasica F.Muell.

Citrus australis (Mudie) Planch.

Clematis sp. nova (Argyle). Possibly Clematis aristata R.Br. ex DC.

Cordia myxa L.

Cordyline baueri Hook.f.

Crowea saligna Andr.

Cryptocarya species, unidentified

Derwentia perfoliata (R.Br.) Raf.

Diospyros cupulosa (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

Diploglottis australis (G.Don) Radlkf. - Native tamarind

Doryphora sassafras Endl. - Sassafras

Epacris longiflora Cav. - Australian heath

Epacris purpurascens R.Br.

Erythrina numerosa A.R.Bean

Erythrina vespertilio Benth. - Bat’s wing coral tree

Eupomatia laurina R.Br.

Eupomatia bennettii F.Muell.

Ficus macrophylla Desf. - Moreton Bay fig

Grevillea banksii R.Br. - Red flowered silky oak

Grevillea caleyi R.Br.

Grevillea longifolia R.Br.

Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. - Silky oak

Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Stearn - False sarsaparilla

Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Stearn alba

Hibiscus heterophyllus Vent.

Hibiscus huegelii var. grossulariifolius (Miq.) Benth.

Hibiscus splendens Fras. ex Graham

Hovea elliptica DC. - Oval-leafed hovea

Hoya australis R. Br. ex J.Traill - Wax flower

Hoya spp. unidentified

Hymenosporum flavum (Hook.) F. Muell. - Native frangipani

Ipomoea brownii Roem. & Schult.

Jasminum didymum Forst.

Jasminum lineare R.Br. - Desert jasmine

Jasminum lineare R.Br. var. bidwillii

Jasminum volubile Jacq.

Lagunaria patersonia (Andr.) G.Don - Norfolk Island hibiscus

Laurus or related species, unidentified

Lawsonia inermis L. - Henna tree

Leptospermum flavescens var. grandiflorum (Lodd.) Benth. - Tea tree

Livistona australis (R.Br.) Mart. - Australian fan palm

Livistona inermis R.Br.

Lucuma sericea (Aiton) Benth. & Hook.f.

Lysiphyllum cunninghamii (Benth.) de Wit. ex Leichhardt

Lysiphyllum hookeri (F.Muell.) Pedley - Pegunny. ex Leichhardt

Melia azedarach L. White cedar

Mirbelia speciosa Sieb. ex DC.

Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack var. exotica (L.) M.R.Almeida - Orange jessamine

Musa acuminata Colla. (Cavendish group) cultivar.

Myoporum acuminatum R.Br.

Nothofagus cunninghamii Oerst. - Myrtle beech

Olearia argyrophylla (Labill.) Benth. - Native musk

Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) K. Schum. - Bower plant

Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) K. Schum. alba

Pandorea pandorana Andr. - Wonga Wonga

Passiflora herbertiana Ker.-Gawl. subsp. herbertiana - Native passion fruit

Peperomia species

Petrophila [Petrophile] diversifolia R.Br.

Philotheca buxifolia (Sm.) Paul G.Wilson

Pittosporum revolutum Dryand.

Pittosporum spp. unidentified

Polyosma cunninghamii Benn.

Pseudanthus species

Santalum acuminatum (R.Br.) A.DC. - Quandong

Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms - Queensland umbrella tree

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. - Scarlet wistaria tree

Sesbania grandiflora Desv. flore alba. It is quite probable that William Macarthur grew it before it was introduced to Europe.

Synoum glandulosum Juss. - Bastard rosewood

Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merrill & Perry - Pomerac

Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. - Sydney Waratah

Unidentified Calothamnus or related species

Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A.Mey.

Orchids

Bulbophyllum elisae (F.Muell.) Benth. - Pineapple orchid

Bulbophyllum minutissimum F.Muell. - Red bead orchid

Caladenia arenaria Fitzg. - Sandhill spider orchid

Caladenia cucullata Fitzg.-  Lemon caps

Caladenia dimorpha Fitzg. - Spicy caps

Caladenia filamentosa R.Br. - Daddy-long-legs

Caladenia testacea R.Br. - Honey caps

Calochilus robertsonii Benth. - Purple beard orchid

Cryptostylis subulata (Labill.) Reichb.f. - Large tongue orchid

Cymbidium canaliculatum R.Br. - Channeled boat-lip orchid

Cymbidium suave R.Br. - Grassy boat-lip orchid

Dendrobium aemulum R.Br. - Ironbark orchid

Dendrobium cucumerinum Macleay ex Lindl. Dendrobium cucumerinum Macleay ex Lindl.

Dendrobium kingianum Bidwill ex Lindl. - Pink rock orchid

Dendrobium linguiforme Sw. - Tongue orchid

Dendrobium rex M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones - Golden king orchid

Dendrobium ruscifolium, unidentified

Dendrobium schoeninum Lindl. - Common pencil orchid

Dendrobium sp. (from Burragorang) like teretifolium

Dendrobium speciosum Sm. - Rock lily

Dendrobium teretifolium R.Br. - Rat tail orchid

Dendrobium tetragonum A.Cunn. - Banded tree spider orchid

Dipodium punctatum (Sm.) R.Br. - Blotched hyacinth orchid

Liparis reflexa (R.Br.) Lindl. - Tom cats

Lyperanthus suaveolens R.Br. - Brown beaks

Microtis unifolia (Forst.f.) Reichb.f. - Common onion orchid

Phaius australis F.Muell. - Common swamp orchid

Pholidota imbricata (Roxb.) Lindl. - Rattlesnake orchid

Sarcochilus falcatus R.Br. - Orange blossom orchid

Sarcochilus hillii F.Muell. - Myrtle bells

Sarcochilus olivaceus Lindl. - Southern lawyer orchid

Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames. - Pink spiral orchid

Spiranthes sp.